![]() Southern local and state police considered the actions of the Freedom Riders to be criminal and arrested them in some locations. ![]() The Supreme Court's decision in Boynton supported the right of interstate travelers to disregard local segregation ordinances. The Freedom Rides, beginning in 1960, followed dramatic sit-ins against segregated lunch counters conducted by students and youth throughout the South, and boycotts of retail establishments that maintained segregated facilities. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sponsored most of the subsequent Freedom Rides, but some were also organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Police arrested riders for trespassing, unlawful assembly, violating state and local Jim Crow laws, and other alleged offenses, but often they first let white mobs attack them without intervention. They called national attention to the disregard for the federal law and the local violence used to enforce segregation in the southern United States. The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement. The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The ICC failed to enforce its ruling, and Jim Crow travel laws remained in force throughout the South. Ferguson (1896) doctrine of separate but equal in interstate bus travel. ![]() Carolina Coach Company (1955) that had explicitly denounced the Plessy v. Five years prior to the Boynton ruling, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) had issued a ruling in Sarah Keys v. Boynton outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |